a judicial order asking correctional officers to producea judicial order asking correctional officers to produce

(v) No prisoner should be allowed to participate in behavioral or biomedical research unless that prisoner has given voluntary and informed consent in writing in accordance with an approved protocol which requires that the prisoner be informed and express understanding of: A. the likely risks, including possible side effects, of any procedure or medication; B. the likelihood and degree of improvement, remission, control, or cure resulting from any procedure or medication; C. the uncertainty of the benefits and hazards of any procedure or medication and the reasonable alternatives; D. the fact that a decision to participate or to decline participation will not affect the conditions of the prisoners confinement; E. the ability to withdraw from the study at any time without adverse consequences unrelated to any physical or psychological results of such withdrawal; and. Correctional officials should allow reasonable participation by members of the general public in authorized meetings or activities of such organizations, provided the safety of the public or the security or safety of persons within the facility are not thereby jeopardized. Exceptions to confidentiality should be explained to a prisoner prior to any conversation or course of counseling in which confidentiality is promised, explicitly or implicitly. which of the following alternatives to litigation has NOT been incorporated into state correctional systems? (c) Subject to the restrictions in Standard 23-8.6, correctional authorities should allow prisoners to produce works of artistic expression and to submit for publication books, articles, creative writing, art, or other contributions to media outside the facility under their own names. (f) Notwithstanding a finding pursuant to subdivision (d) of this Standard that involuntary treatment is appropriate, mental health care staff should continue attempting to elicit the prisoners consent to treatment. Such an officer should be called to the scene whenever force is used, to direct and observe but ordinarily not to participate in the physical application of force, and should not leave the scene until the incident has come to an end. (g) If correctional authorities assign a prisoner to protective custody, such a prisoner should be: (i) housed in the least restrictive environment practicable, in segregated housing only if necessary, and in no case in a setting that is used for disciplinary housing; (ii) allowed all of the items usually authorized for general population prisoners; (iii) provided opportunities to participate in programming and work as described in Standards 23-8.2 and 8.4; and. (q) The term qualified mental health professional means psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric social workers, licensed professional counselors, psychiatric nurses, or others who by virtue of their education, credentials, and experience are permitted by law to evaluate and provide mental health care to patients. (b) Prisoners should be informed of the health care options available to them. If a publication or piece of correspondence contains material in violation of the facilitys written guidelines, correctional authorities should make reasonable efforts to deny only those segregable portions of the publication or correspondence that present concerns. Correctional authorities should provide female prisoners job opportunities reasonably similar in nature and scope to those provided male prisoners. (d) There should be no adverse consequences, such as loss of sentencing credit for good conduct, discipline, or denial of parole, for a prisoner who is unable to participate in employment, educational opportunities, or programming due to a disability or other special needs that cannot be accommodated. (b) Consistent with security needs, correctional officials should provide opportunities for prisoners to contribute to the community through volunteer activities. When any property is confiscated, the prisoner should be given written documentation of this information. (n) The term health care means the diagnosis and treatment of medical, dental, and mental health problems. A correctional agency should develop a range of housing options for such prisoners, including high security housing; residential housing with various privilege levels dependent upon treatment and security assessments; and transition housing to facilitate placement in general population or release from custody. A decision to retain a prisoner in segregated housing following consideration by the classification review committee should be reviewed by a correctional administrator, and approved, rejected, or modified as appropriate. (iv) any other form of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. Correctional authorities should offer high school equivalency classes, post-secondary education, apprenticeships, and similar programs designed to facilitate re-entry into the workforce upon release. (b) Prisoners should have the right to refuse requests for interviews and should be notified of that right and given an opportunity to consult with counsel, if they have counsel, prior to an interview. Prisoners should be entitled to present any judicially cognizable issue, including: (i) challenges to the legality of their conviction, confinement, extradition, deportation, or removal; (ii) assertions of any rights protected by state or federal constitution, statute, administrative provision, treaty, or common law; (iii) civil legal problems, including those related to family law; and. (e) Upon request by a court, correctional authorities should facilitate a prisoners participationin person or using telecommunications technologyin legal proceedings. Correctional authorities should use the least intrusive appropriate means to search a prisoner. A correctional health care system should include an ongoing evaluation process to assess and improve the health care provided to prisoners and to enable health care staff to institute corrective care or other action as needed. The chief executive of the facility or a higher-ranking correctional administrator should receive reports of all cases in which staff are found to have engaged in misconduct involving prisoners and should have final responsibility for determining the appropriate sanction. (d) When a prisoner dies, correctional officials should promptly notify the jurisdictions medical examiner of the death and its circumstances; the medical examiner should decide whether an autopsy should be conducted. Governmental authorities should ordinarily allow a prisoner who gives birth while in a correctional facility or who already has an infant at the time she is admitted to a correctional facility to keep the infant with her for a reasonable time, preferably on extended furlough or in an appropriate community facility or, if that is not practicable or reasonable, in a nursery at a correctional facility that is staffed by qualified persons. (a) Correctional authorities should facilitate prisoners access to counsel. (b) After consultation with each prisoner, correctional authorities should develop an individualized programming plan for the prisoner, in accordance with which correctional authorities should give each prisoner access to appropriate programs, including educational opportunities, mental health and substance abuse treatment and counseling, vocational and job readiness training, personal financial responsibility training, parenting skills, relationship skills, cognitive or behavioral programming, and other programs designed to promote good behavior in the facility and reduce recidivism. It includes the status of being actively suicidal; severe cognitive disorders that result in significant functional impairment; and severe personality disorders that result in significant functional impairment and are marked by frequent episodes of psychosis, depression, or self-injurious behavior. Correctional staff, health care staff, and the researchers should promptly report all adverse events involving prisoner study subjects to the institutional review boards chair and the prisoners advocate. (d) Correctional officials should minimize technical requirements for grievances and should allow prisoners to initiate the grievance process by describing briefly the nature of the complaint and the remedy sought. (d) Prior to involuntary mental health treatment of a prisoner with a serious mental illness, the prisoner should be afforded, at a minimum, the procedural protections specified in subdivision (b) of this Standard for involuntary mental health transfers, except that: (i) decision-making in the first instance and on appeal should be by a judicial or administrative hearing officer independent of the correctional agency, or by an neutral committee that includes at least one qualified mental health professional and that may include appropriate correctional agency staff, but does not include any health care professional responsible for treating or referring the prisoner for transfer; (ii) the notice should set forth the mental health staffs diagnosis and basis for the proposed treatment, a description of the proposed treatmentincluding, where relevant, the medication name and dosageand the less-intrusive alternatives considered and rejected; and. (e) A correctional agencys grievance procedure should be designed to instill the confidence of prisoners and correctional authorities in the effectiveness of the process, and its success in this regard should be periodically evaluated. b. administrative control theory. (b) Governmental authorities should authorize and fund an official or officials independent of each correctional agency to investigate the acts of correctional authorities, allegations of mistreatment of prisoners, and complaints about conditions in correctional facilities, including complaints by prisoners, their families, and members of the community, and to refer appropriate cases for administrative disciplinary measures or criminal prosecutions. If a prisoner has met the terms of the individual plan, there should be a presumption in favor of releasing the prisoner from segregated housing. Consistent with Standard 23-2.5, routine preventive dental care and education about oral health care should be provided to those prisoners whose confinement may exceed one year. (h) When practicable, giving due regard to security, public safety, and budgetary constraints, correctional officials should authorize prisoners to leave a correctional facility for compelling humanitarian reasons such as a visit to a dying parent, spouse, or child, either under escort or alone. (g) When public safety and the interests of justice would not be compromised, governmental authorities should provide judicial and administrative mechanisms to accomplish the early release of prisoners in exceptional circumstances, such as terminal illness, permanent disability that substantially diminishes the ability of the prisoner to provide self-care within a correctional facility, or exigent family circumstances. Correctional authorities should facilitate prisoners reintegration into free society by implementing appropriate conditions of confinement and by sustained planning for such reintegration. Prisoners should receive opportunities to mend and machine launder their clothing if the facility does not provide these services. (a) Correctional authorities should provide prisoners living quarters of adequate size. (b) In the months prior to anticipated release of a sentenced prisoner confined for more than [6 months], correctional authorities should develop an individualized re-entry plan for the prisoner, which should take into account the individualized programming plan developed pursuant to Standard 23-8.2(b). (d) Other than as allowed by subdivision (e) of this Standard, correctional authorities should not use restraints in a prisoners cell except immediately preceding an out-of-cell movement or for medical or mental health purposes as authorized by a qualified medical or mental health professional. (iii) involuntary testing or treatment would accord with applicable law for a non-prisoner. Correctional authorities should be permitted to require prisoners able to perform cleaning tasks to do so, with necessary materials and equipment provided to them regularly and without charge. brutality and inhumane living conditions. (b) Correctional authorities should exercise reasonable care with respect to property prisoners lawfully possess or have a right to reclaim. (b) Correctional officials should be permitted to require that prior to publication of an internal newspaper all material be submitted for review by a designated official, and to prohibit the publication or dissemination of material that is obscene or that constitutes a substantial threat to institutional security or order or to the safety of any person. The contract should state its duration and scope positively and definitely; incorporate professional standards and require the provider to meet these Standards; incorporate terms governing the appropriate treatment of prisoners, conditions of facilities, and provisions for oversight; and provide a continuum of sanctions for noncompliance including immediate termination of the contract on terms with no financial detriment for the government agency. Prisoners should continue to have unrestricted access to toilets, washbasins, and drinking water. In an emergency, or when necessary in a facility in which health care staff are available only part-time, medically trained correctional staff should be permitted to administer prescription drugs at the direction of qualified health care professionals. (b) Prisoners who are determined to be lawfully taking prescription drugs or receiving health care treatment when they enter a correctional facility directly from the community, or when they are transferred between correctional facilitiesincluding facilities operated by different agenciesshould be maintained on that course of medication or treatment or its equivalent until a qualified health care professional directs otherwise upon individualized consideration. (c) Correctional authorities should minimize the extent to which vulnerable prisoners needing protection are subjected to rules and conditions a reasonable person would experience as punitive. (v) incitement or threats to incite group disturbances in a correctional facility. (b) Except in exigent situations, a search of a prisoners body, including a pat-down search or a visual search of the prisoners private bodily areas, should be conducted by correctional staff of the same gender as the prisoner. In developing the re-entry plan, correctional authorities should involve any agency with supervisory authority over the prisoner in the community and, with the prisoners permission, should invite involvement by the prisoners family. Correctional authorities should begin to plan for each prisoners eventual release and reintegration into the community from the time of that prisoners admission into the correctional system and facility. In no instance should a prisoner administer prescription drugs to another prisoner. Correctional authorities carrying firearms should not be assigned to positions that are accessible to prisoners or in which they come into direct contact with prisoners, except during transport or supervision of prisoners outside the secure perimeter, or in emergency situations. Correctional authorities should not conduct searches in order to harass or retaliate against prisoners individually or as a group. The use of firearms should always be considered the use of deadly force. Control techniques should be intended to minimize injuries to both prisoners and staff. Prisoners whose health or institutional adjustment would otherwise be adversely affected should be provided with medical prosthetic devices or other impairment-related aids, such as eyeglasses, hearing aids, or wheelchairs, except when there has been an individualized finding that such an aid would be inconsistent with security or safety. (b) In imposing and enforcing financial obligations on prisoners, governmental authorities, including courts, should consider both the interest served by the imposition of the obligation and the cumulative effect of financial obligations on a prisoners successful and law-abiding re-entry. (d) Laws, policies, administrative rules, standards, and reporting requirements applicable to publicly operated correctional facilities of similar security levels in the contracting jurisdiction, including those applicable to staff qualifications and training, freedom of information demands and disclosures, and external oversight, should apply in substance to a privately operated facility either as a matter of statutory law or as incorporated contract terms. Complaints of dental pain should be referred to a qualified dental professional, and necessary treatment begun promptly. 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